Climate Change - Our Biggest Challenge

Welcome to another post. I've created an infographic to be aware of Climate Change - Our Biggest Challenge.

Definition:

According to Google, climate change means - a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.


Here's my infographic that I've made.

An Island Country known for its Spice Isle?

Grenada

Map of Grenada
Credit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenada

1. Grenada's capital is St. Thomas.
2. Grenada's population is 180,601, which is more than Bermuda, Greenland and more. 
3. The currency of Grenada is the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (XCD).
4. Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom on 7 February 1974.
5. Grenada is known for its Spice Isle because it produces mace crops, nutmegs and other spices.
6. The Grenada dove is Grenada's national bird, it is a critically endangered species.
7. The top-level domain of Grenada is .gd.
8. The calling code for Grenada is +1-473.
9. Drivers in Grenada drive on the left side. 

Credit: http://www.grenadagrenadines.com/

10 Things to Do in Grenada

1. Grand Etang Lake - known for rainforests, park, lake and nature reserve.
2. Grand Anse Lake - known for the sandy coast a view of the capital.
3. Annandale Falls - know for the cascading waters and the lush surrounds.
4. Grenada Underwater Sculpture Park - which is a diving site with underwater art.
5. Grenada National Museum - which is a regional cultural club with shops & eats.
6. Magazine Beach - which is a public beach in peaceful surroundings. 
7. Morne Rouge Beach - which is a sandy beach for snorkelling & swimming.
8. Fort Frederick - which is a historical landmark with scenic views.
9. BBC Beach - which is a tranquil beachfront with amusements.
10. Belmont Estate - which is a historic working planation with tours.

Map of Grenada

What's the next country?

This island country is also located in the eastern Caribbean islands. This country is known for mountains, snorkelling and scenery. Comment down below what country do you think that I am posting next? Please comment down below!

Next post of the series is the last post of Season 1 - Island Countries! The next series is going to be about known countries in the world! See you next time!!

I hope you like my post about Grenada. Comment down below if you've learnt something new about Grenada. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

The World's First Sunrise

Have you ever wondered, which is the first country to see the sunrise? It's in North Gisborne, New Zealand. It is around the coast to Opotiki and inland to Te Urewera National Park. The East Cape has the honour of seeing the world's first sunrise each and every day.

Back in 2011, Samoa decided to move position on the international dateline. Before, Samoa was the last place in the world to see the sunset. Many people on a trip to Samoa would visit Cape Mulinu’u where you could be the final people in the world to end the day. But, just because they are the first country to welcome the day, it still doesn't mean that they are the first ones to see the sunrise. The East Cape still holds the honour, thanks to the curvature of the earth. We may not be the first country to celebrate New Year's day anymore, but we are still the first country to see the sunrise.

When Samoa jumped 24 hours ahead, Samoa and American Samoa (in the US Territory) separated from each other.

So I hope you like my first post of the series. Have a cool holiday!! Bye!!

Africa's Breaking Up!!

Suswa Rift
Credit: https://www.news.com.au/technology/environment/natural-wonders/giant-chasm-is-proof-africa-is-being-pulled-apart-experts-say/news-story/5b982737252dc44bd19dc511db1d8065

The African Plate is divided into two parts - Somali and Nubian
Credit: https://africa-arabia-plate.weebly.com/future-tectonics.html

How? Why? What?

Africa is Breaking Up?!

Yes, it is true, Africa is breaking up in two pieces. Do you think that you believe me? No, yes?

So, let's go back to the topic. Africa is breaking up because the two plates, Somalian and Nubian Plates are moving away from each other. On my Plate Tectonics post, I had written that,

It's the Plate Tectonic is the Earth's outer shell that is divided into several plates that move over the mantle. These slow-moving structures interact with each other.

The East African Rift System
Credit: https://www.usatoday.com/

This is called the 'East African Rift System' (EARS), which is one of the geologic wonders of the world. To make it easier to understand, a rift is like a fracture on Earth's surface.

How Did It Start?

So what happened was that the massive cracked suddenly appeared in Kenya. The crack began to grow because of heavy rain. This made the Kenya-Nairobi highway which made the highway collapse. This is one good example of Plate Tectonics. This active rift zone is spreading a few millimetres every year. Which means, around 10 million years after, a new ocean will emerge as the East Africa tears apart.

Heavy Rain in Kenya reveal huge cracks which show
Africa splitting into two continents
Credit: https://qz.com/ 

Credit: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5562589/Is-Africa-splitting-TWO.html

A Starfish Airport? Where's it located?

Beijing Daxing: China's huge new 'starfish' airport opens its doors
Credit: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49750182

Beijing Daxing: China's huge new 'starfish' airport opens its doors
Credit: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49750182

Welcome to another post on my blog. In today's post, I am going to share you about the airport which is shaped like a starfish. This airport is located in China's capital Beijing. This airport is called Beijing Daxing International Airport, which is located on the border of Beijing and Langfang, Hebei Province. It is Beijing's second international airport. The name of the airport was announced on 14 September 2018. This airport is been nicknamed "starfish". Beijing Daxing Aiport was opened on 25 September 2019. The first commercial flight was on 26 September 2019.

Zaha Hadid’s massive ‘starfish’ airport opens in Beijing
Photograph: STR/AFP/Getty Images
Credit: https://www.theguardian.com/

This new mega-airport is the size of 98 football fields or 700,000 square metres, according to China Daily. The new $11.7 billion (US) opened a few days before the country's 70th-anniversary celebrations. This airport is 46 kilometres south of downtown Beijing. It is designed to relieve the pressure of rising demand for air travel on the Capital International Airport in northeastern Beijing.



It has seven runways, including one for military use, this new airport can ultimately handle more than 100 million passengers per year, matching Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport in the United States. Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport is currently the world's busiest, having more than 100 million passengers per year, but across two terminals.


Chief engineer in charge of construction work at the new Beijing facility, Guo Yanchi said: "The Daxing airport is the world's largest integrated transportation hub. The terminal building is also the world's largest building with a seamless steel structure, boasting the world's first design of double-deck departure and double-deck arrival platforms."


References:

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beijing_Daxing_International_Airport
• https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-49750182
• http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201907/29/WS5d3e4d6ca310d83056401745.html

Exploring a Hidden Continent!

Welcome to another post about countries. In this post, you will be learning about a hidden continent. 

As you know, there are 7 continents, Asia, Africa, Europe, North America, South America, Antarctica and Oceania (Australia). 

Zealandia would be also known as the '8th continent' or the 'hidden continent'.

It might of sound like Zealand, of New Zealand, right?

Map of Zealandia - depth (m)
Credit: http://static.stuff.co.nz/files/zealandia.jpg

Zealandia covers New Zealand and New Caledonia. As you can see, the land of Zealandia is mostly underwater. Zealandia is also known as the New Zealand continent. 

Zealandia sunken after breaking away from Australia 60-85 million years ago. Antarctica separated from Zealandia between 85-130 million years ago. If Zealandia was still here, then Zealandia would've been the 8th continent. 

Zealandia covers about 4.9 million square km and 94% is underwater. Zealandia is about 2/3 the size of Australia. The water depth in the ocean is about 4,000 metres deep and Chatams island and New Caledonia is about 1,000 metres. Zealandia is large and enough to be recognised as a conformed continent.

Zealandia was up about five per cent of the area of Gondwana (a supercontinent, now it's part of India). The thickness range of Zealandia is from 10 to 30 kilometres, where it gets up to 40 kilometres in the South Island. Zealandia is six times bigger than Madagascar and twelve times bigger than Mauritia.

Here is a video about Zealandia. It's about exploring Zealandia.

  

Want a Reusable Coffee Cup?

Welcome to another post. In Business Studies, we were looking at Marketing and Selling, which included being in a group and selling the item that we chose.

Want to Bungy Jump?

Welcome to another post. In Business Studies, we looked at the New Zealand brands and things which are iconic to New Zealand. In that, we had to create an advertisement about something which others know that its from New Zealand. I chose to create a video about bungy jumping, which is iconic to New Zealand and it is one thing which makes New Zealand famous.

Want A Flying Hoverboard?

Welcome to another post. Today, in Money, I completed an activity about Advertising Propaganda. We had to create an advertisement for a fictional object or item.

The Bystander Effect | Health

Welcome to another post. Today, in Health, we looked at a video about the Bystander Effect.


The Bystander Effect

—The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress.


What is meant by the bystander effect? Why do you think it occurs?

It means watching and standing the incident happen and no one helps. They sit in the background pretending they don’t see the problem. I think that this occurs because no one is not brave enough to support the victim. People are too embarrassed to help the person in need, one, no one basically has time to help others and they do their own thing. Two, the bystander ignores the situation and moves on. Three, who couldn’t help due to a reason. For example, kids, they might think that they are just kids and cannot do anything. Scared, the bystander could be scared to help, maybe drunk.



What is an ethical bystander? 

An ethical bystander, or an outstander, is one who stands up for what they know is the right thing to do and help the victim who needs help.

The Unscientific State of Medicine in 1347

Credit: https://mcdreeamiemusings.com/blog/tag/history+of+medicine

• For the two centuries before the Black Death, there had been a great medical school at Salerno in Italy. It trained women doctors as well as men. 
• Doctors were described as wealthy people. They wore red or purple gowns. They had belts of silver thread. Their hoods were furred. They had embroidered gloves. If they rode to visit a patient. they would wear golden spurs. A servant went with them. 
• Quacks such as the Triacleurs who used treacle as a cure, visited fairs and markets. They sold useless pills and ointments and potions. 
• Cures were a mixture of common sense and superstition. Doctors set broken bones and pulled out rotten teeth. They made anaesthetics from opium and hemlock and used herbs such as dock for swollen glands and rue for nose bleeds. They took cataracts off eyes with a silver needle. A mixture of oil, vinegar and sulphur was used to treat toothache and ground peony root with oil of roses was a treatment for headaches. They applied a truss for a hernia. For ringworm they recommended washing the scalp with a boy's urine and for gout, a plaster of goat dung mixed with rosemary and honey was applied. To stop the pockmarks in a smallpox patient, they wrapped the patient in red cloth in a bed with red hangings. 
• People thought that a cause of disease was too much blood in the body. So doctors put leeches on the sick person's body. The leeches fastened themselves on to the skin with their teeth and sucked out blood. This is why doctors were sometimes called leeches. 
• Sick people went on visits to shrines. Sometimes the sick were carried long distances to places that were thought of as sacred. 
• Often a sick child was weighed and the same weight of gold or silver was given to a shrine if the child recovered. 
• Today we know that the plague is caused by bacteria. These organisms are so small you cannot see them without a microscope. People in the Middle Ages did not have microscopes. The microscope was not invented until about 1590. And bacteria were not discovered until about 1680. Even then another hundred years went by before it was suggested that bacteria might cause disease. But most scientists thought disease produced bacteria instead of the other way around. The plague disease had different forms. This confused medieval people even more. Their lack of scientific knowledge made them come up with other causes for the Black Death. 

The Plague Doctor | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post. Today, in Social Studies, I completed a creative writing activity for the Plague Doctor in the Black Death.

One would imagine an image of the Plague Doctor when the Black Death is named. The Plague doctor's suit costume contained a cloak, tucked under the masculine neck and stretched to the floor to hide as much of the body as possible. Doctors often spread all clothing with fat or wax, believing that this reduces the chance of infection from sick victims. Wax served protection against the disease by airborne droplets, as well as fleas, the main visitors of the disease.

At that time, it seemed to many that the plague spread, because of spoiled air. Doctors assumed that a mask in the form of a bird would repel the infection from the sick person and bring it to the doctor's clothes and considered that the eye mask of red glass made the doctor free from the disease.

The beak of the mask was filled with fragrant medicinal herbs to protect it from miasma and from the stinky smell, which also could carry the plague.

They carried a cane for examining patients without touching them, as well as for self-defence, against the jaded. Also, on the neck were a casket for aromatic herbs and substances that were supposed to scare off the plague.

Plague Doctors used a scalpel for opening the buboes and wore leather gloves to protect themselves. In those days, a wide hat identified someone as a doctor.

How Hubble Works? | Wānanga

Welcome to another post. Today, in Wānanga, we further continued on doing research on National Geographic Kids, and I continued looking at the Hubble Space Telescope. Last week, I posted my research on Hubble and today, I will be covering how Hubble works.


What's the title of the article?

Spaced Out: How Hubble Works


What is the article about?

This article informs about how Hubble works, it's functions, how fast it travels, and it's length and width.

This photograph of NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope was taken on the fifth servicing mission to the observatory in 2009.
Credit: NASA

Wide View of Mystic Mountain
Credit: https://www.esa.int/About_Us/

Have you ever wondered to take a closer look at the stars, see some of the coolest parts of our universe? Then you would need a telescope, a big one.

Did you know, the Hubble Space Telescope has a mirror that's around 2.4 metres across. So, that is much bigger than any telescope you have ever used from your backyard. The larger a telescope's mirror, the more light it collects, and the better its vision.

Hubble Space Telescope is about 13.4 metres long and weighs more than 11 tonnes.

Dr Joel Green, an astrophysicist says, "But what's most impressive about it is that we put it into space, so in order to do that it has to use very small amounts of power." Hubble uses about the same amount as power as a hair dryer!

NASA fuels Hubble with the largest power source, the Sun. Hubble gets it power from the sun and stores it as electricity.

The Hubble Space Telescope has viewed many heavenly wonders, such as the Eagle Nebula’s Pillars of Creation. NASA, ESA/Hubble and the Hubble Heritage Team
Credit: https://theconversation.com/hubble-in-pictures-astronomers-top-picks-40435

Two large solar panels capture sunlight to use as solar energy. The Hubble Space Telescope is not only big in size and low on energy. It's also fast.

"It travels around the Earth in its orbit at something like 20,000 kilometres per hour, so about 10,000 miles per hour, and it orbits the Earth every hour and a half." It takes Hubble 95 minutes to make a trip around the world.

At this rate, Hubble could travel from Christchurch to Alice Springs (Australia) in about 10 minutes.

Dr Jason Kalirai, also an astrophysicist says, "One of the reasons that the Hubble Space Telescope is so powerful today is that we've enabled new ways to use the telescope that didn't exist before."

Hubble is the first telescope designed to be visited in space by astronauts, who perform repairs, replace parts, and update its technology with new instruments.

"We installed a brand new set of cameras and spectrographs and instruments within Hubble during its last servicing mission, and they're all performing remarkably well."

Hubble has helped astronomers make amazing discoveries like determining the universe is between 13 to 14 billion years old. 

Although the Hubble Space Telescope launched over 25 years ago, it still continues to be one of the most important tools we have to learn about the universe.

Dr Jason Kalirai: Hubble has made countless discoveries through its observations, and answering new puzzles that have emerged requires more powerful telescopes. And so one of Hubble's greatest legacies is not just to answer questions about the universe, but also to open up new mysteries that we can solve with future telescopes."


Three facts you learnt:

1. Hubble Space Telescope is about 13.4 metres long and weighs more than 11 tonnes.
2. It travels Hubble orbits the Earth something like 20,000 kilometres per hour, and it orbits the Earth every hour and a half. It takes Hubble 95 minutes to make a trip around the world.
3. Hubble has helped astronomers make amazing discoveries like determining the universe is between 13 to 14 billion years old.

New Zealand Birds in Your Garden

Chaffinch

Chaffinches were imported to New Zealand. They are widespread throughout mainland New Zealand as well as offshore islands. They are the most widespread of New Zealand's introduced finches. Seeds are the dominant food source for chaffinches but they will also eat a variety of insects.

Chaffinches have white feathers on their shoulders, as well as on parts of their wings and tails. Males have a greyish crown and pinky-brown feathers. Females are mostly brownish grey.

Fantail/Piwakawaka

Fantails get their name from their beautiful fan-like tail. They are endemic to New Zealand. They are a common bird and can be found in a wide-range of habitats around the country. They weigh about the same as two teaspoons of sugar. A fantail's diet is mainly made up of small insects, such as flies and beetles. They occasionally eat fruit.

There are two different colours of fantails that exist. One is the pied fantail, it has a grey head and white eyebrows. They have a brown body with some white and black feathers. The other type has mainly black feathers. Pied fantails are more prevalent than black fantails.

Bellbird/Korimako

The bellbird is also known as the korimako or makomako in Māori. They are endemic to New Zealand are often recognised by their unique bell-like song. They are mainly found south of Hamilton. Bellbirds prefer to live in forests and scrub but can also be discovered in some nearby gardens. Korimako mainly eat nectar, they occasionally also eat fruit and berries. They also "glean" or pick insects and spiders from tree trunks and leaves.

Male bellbirds are olive green with purple feathers on their hands. Females are brown and have a yellowish stripe across their cheeks. The bellbirds have red eyes. 

Tūi

Tūi are another endemic species of New Zealand. They can be found throughout New Zealand. With a diet of nectar and honeydew, they feed from flowering trees such as kōwhai and flax. Tūi can be bad-tempered. They chase away other birds from "their" trees. They are very vocal birds with a beautiful song. They can produce a range of sounds, including coughs and grunts.

Tūi have gleaming green and bluey-purple feathers. They have two white tufts called poi and some fine white feathers around their necks.

Song Thrush

Introduced to New Zealand in the late 1800s, thrushes are now common in most habitats. Their diet consists of snails, slugs, worms and other insects. They also eat some berries and ripening fruits. To break snail shells open, they often use stones and they sometimes return to the same ones. Piles of broken shells can be discovered beside these favourite stones.

Thrushes have brown feathers covering their backs and white speckled underbellies. Their bill is yellow and their legs are pink.

House Sparrow

House sparrows were brought to New Zealand so that they could eat insects that were destroying crops. They rapidly grew in numbers and did more damage to the crops than the insects. Sparrows are most abundant in the north and dry eastern areas of New Zealand. Sparrows eat grains and seeds, including crops such as wheat and barley. Sparrows like to travel in flocks, with several hundred sometimes roosting together.

Male sparrows have a brown crown and a black bib. Females are brown but they have darker back feathers and a grey/white underbelly.

What's Hubble? | Wānanga

Welcome to another post. Today, in Wānanga, we had to read an article from National Geographic Kids and write a post/summary about it. I read an article about the Hubble Space Telescope.

What is the title of the article?


Spaced Out: What is Hubble


What is the article about?

This article informs information about Hubble, where it is, how far it is, what it does, and more.

The Hubble Space Telescope orbiting Earth in May 2009
NASA/ESA
Credit: https://www.businessinsider.com.au/hubble-telescope-galaxies-photo-legacy-wide-field-deep-universe-2019-5?r=US&IR=T

The Hubble Space Telescope is a spacecraft which is the size of a school bus that travels 8 kilometres per second that takes some of the coolest images in the universe. Hubble is around 550 kilometres above you.

Dr Jason Kalirai, an astrophysicist says, "Hubble Space Telescope is the most important tool that we have for understanding our universe and what our place within it is."

From space, Hubble can see planets, stars, and galaxies much clearer than telescopes on the ground, it can see as far as 13.4 billion light-years away (one light-year is 9.6 trillion kilometres). Its images have changed the way we think about viewing the stars.

No one really knows who discovered the telescope, but in 1610, Italian astronomer, Galileo Galilei was first to make his own homemade telescope up towards the stars. Galileo Galilei invented the compass and the thermometer. Then, around 300 years later, astronomer Edwin Hubble used a large telescope to discover entire galaxies.

Dr Noel Green, an astrophysicist says, "The telescope itself is named the Hubble Space Telescope after Edwin Hubble, and one of these iconic images is of Edwin Hubble himself looking through one of these telescopes that you can almost mistake for the Hubble if it were in space."

The Hubble Space Telescope was launched on 24 April 1990. It completes its orbit around Earth every 95 minutes.

Hubble's cameras used to take black and white pictures. Later, experts added different colours to these pictures.

Instead of an eyepiece, Hubble uses digital cameras. This camera can record visible light, ultraviolet light and even infrared light. Visible light is part of the wave spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. Ultraviolet light comes from the sun and is invisible to the human eye. Infrared light is invisible to human eyes, but people can feel it as heat.

"Today, demand for the Hubble Space Telescope is at a record high. Anybody in the world can write a proposal to use Hubble, and we're receiving more than a thousand proposals every year from scientists wanting to tackle tough questions about the universe. Hubble is always doing the best science that's out there."


Scientists look forward to using Hubble to solve the mysteries of outer space.



Three facts you learnt

1. Hubble Space Telescope can see as far as 13.4 billion light-years away or 9.6 trillion kilometres away.
2. Hubble was launched on 24 April 1990 and takes around 95 minutes to orbit Earth.
3. Hubble's camera can record visible light, ultraviolet light and infrared light. Visible light is part of the wave spectrum that can be seen by the human eye. Ultraviolet light comes from the sun and is invisible to the human eye. Infrared light is invisible to human eyes, but people can feel it as heat.

This post is based on the National Geographic Kids article, Spaced Out: What is Hubble and National Geographic Kids's video, What is Hubble? | Spaced Out.

Advertising Propaganda | Money

Welcome to another post. Yesterday, in Money (Hurumanu 4), we learnt 'Recognising Propaganda Techniques', which included Bandwagon, Testimonial, Facts and Experts, Expert and Logical Appeal.

Bandwagon

Oral-B Advertisement
Credit: http://prawpawgandawf2017.weebly.com/

Bandwagon is a persuasive technique that invites you to join the crowd, making everybody doing it and often uses weasel words. This technique tries to persuade everyone to join in and do the same thing.

For example, your friend convinces you to go to a party by saying, "Everyone is going to be there! You'll be laughed at if you don't go, too!"

Ways to convince others is to use questions such as, do you want to be on the winning side?

Testimonial

Sprite Advertisement
Credit: https://www.pinterest.nz/pin/311452130454825403/

A testimonial is a statement endorsing an idea/product by a prominent person. The product can be inside our outside a particular field. Advertisers use famous people and celebrities, such as actors/actresses, athletes, musical artists, etc. In this technique, famous people promote an item and draw attention.

For example, Michael Jordan and Nike tennis shoes, Jessica Simpson on Pizza Hut commercials.

"If the celebrity/star/athlete uses the product, then it must be good, so I will purchase it."

For instance, Nike, Puma, Speedo, CocaCola, etc.


Facts and Figures Statistics

In this technique, numbers, graphs, and tables are used to show statistics of both sides.

Colgate Advertisement
Credit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AMwR4lDTNpY

• Facts and Figures
• Statistics to prove superiority
• Magic Ingredients
• Suggests some miraculous discovery makes the product especially useful
• Hidden Fears
• Recommends that the user is safe from some danger

An advertisement might read, "This product kills 99% of your germs." Surveys may be conducted and the results graphed to show people's opinions.

Expert

Colgate Advertisement
Credit: https://dallinssportsblog.home.blog/2019/05/05/

They use experts such as doctors, dentists, engineers, fitness trainers, to say that they recommend this product.

For example, 9 out of 10 doctors recommend using Colgate.

Logical Appeal

Clorox Advertisement
Credit: wordstream.com/blog/ws/2019/08/13/persuasive-ads

Advertisers try to convince you to make the right decision, smart decision, or the choice in purchasing their product.

Some examples: It makes sense to buy this

Choosy momes choose JIF

Save time and money with __

Shop smart, buy here

The McDonald's Dollar Menu: Eat cheap and smart at menu items only $1.00 each!

The Imploding Can | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. Yesterday, in Chemistry, we had done the Imploding Can experiment. We first learnt about Expansion and Contraction;

Expansion

Applying heat, causes particles to spread out


Contraction

Contraction makes the particles to cool down, causes the space to be denser.




Next, we had to do the experiment, 'The Imploding Can' experiment.




Aim: To observe contraction in gases

Hypothesis: I think the water is going to cool down because the boiling water will go to a container of water which is cooler than the boiling water.

Equipment:

1. Aluminum Can
2. Scissor Tongs
3. Element
4. Heatproof Mat (just in case)
5. Beaker
6. Container of water

Method:

1. Set up an Element.
2. Pour 60ml of water into your empty can. It should be no more than ¼ full. 
3. Heat the can of water until steam comes up.
4. Carefully, grip the can with scissor tongs. Make sure you have firm hold of the can before lifting it off the element.
5. Quickly, but carefully, tip the can as you plunge it into a container of water. 

Results:

The aluminium can imploded when it went into the container of water.

Discussion:

The purpose of it imploding is because the boiling water suddenly became cool which caused it to contract.

Hazard: Boiling Water       &        Wear Safety Glasses

How the Black Death Transmitted to Humans | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post. Today, in Chemicals and Chaos, we had to write a Basic Body paragraph for how the rats transmitted the plague to humans.

Fleas and rats spread the Black Death. Firstly, the rat had the plague, next, the flea drinks the rat’s blood and gets the disease. Thirdly, the flea sits on a person and bites the person’s body, in that process, the flea vomits, puking the disease to the person. This shows how easily the Black Death could spread throughout Europe. Once the humans caught the plague, they showed a series of symptoms.

How the Black Death Was Transmitted | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I finished an activity for Hurumanu 3 (Chemicals and Chaos) about the Black Death. We learnt how the rats transmitted the Black Death to a human.

Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships

Healthy and Unhealthy Relationships
Credit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPSH7PDEqA8

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, in Wānanga, we focused on Healthy and Unhealthy Wellbeing — Taha Whānau (Social Wellbeing). Here is the table that I created.

Relationships
Healthy	Unhealthy
Kind Respectful Trustworthy Honest Nice Helpful Sharing Compromise Anger control Understanding Being fair Role modelling Positive behaviour Caring for others Secret keeper Controlling No swearing No abusing Not teasing/making fun of others Privacy Encouraging Giving compliments Supporting others Respecting one and others cultures Enjoying personal time Having family time Communicating nicely Nonviolent Wants the best for the other person Makes people happy Value others Does not try to change others Believes equality	Bullying Mean Angry Fake friend Lier Unkind Not respecting Teaser Not helpful Judging people Not fair Silly Selfish Spying Cheating Telling secrets Violence Swear Fighting Ignorer Not supporting Salty Physically abusing Stalking Power imbalance Afraid Anxious Refusing to commit Blames you Name-telling Uses threats Blackmailing Using money to control

What things could you improve them to make them healthy and avoid conflict?

Being kind to others and not break their trust.

Define what a good relationship looks like to you?

• Happy people
• Kind
• Helpful
• Providing Privacy
• Being Fair
• Honest
• Trustworthy and Reliable
• Positive Behaviour
• Sharing
• Controlling
• Not Abusing

Who is someone in class you have a good relationship with and what are the characteristics that they demonstrate?

My friends, I have a good relationship with them, they are kind, good, honest, trustworthy, sharing,

Digital Technology So Far | Digital Technology

Welcome to another post on my blog. For the past few weeks, in Digital Technology, we learnt about the Design Process, Ergonomics and did some coding on code.org.

Design Process

In the Design Process, had to make our modified Design Process from an image. We had to make our Design Process via Google Drawing.

Here is the drawing and the original image.

Original Image

Credit: https://discoverdesign.org/handbook

My Image

Hour Of Code

On 28 July, I finished my first 'Hour of Code' in code.org. I had to do coding for around an hour and after completing, I got my certificate for completing the 'Hour of Code'. Here is the certificate.

What's Ergonomics?

On 5 August, I finished off my infographic about Ergonomics. First, we learnt about infographics, and we had to make an infographic either from, Canva, Piktochart, or Venngage. We need to find an infographic about Ergonomics and use the text information online to create an infographic. Here is the infographic that I created.

Summary:

I have been enjoying Digital Technology, learning about the Design Process, earning my certificate for code.org and making an infographic about Ergonomics. I found code.org really fun, doing fun activities with code. I also enjoyed making posters and infographics.

How The Disease Went From Asia to Europe

In October 1347 trading ships from Genoa enter the harbour of Messina in Sicily. At the oars are dead and dying men. They have come from a Black Sea port in the Crimea. The Genoese have a trading post there. The ships tie up at the wharves. Those men who can still walk go ashore. They take the disease with them.
The disease reaches Marseilles in November 1347. By January 1348 it has gone to North Africa through Tunis, westward from Marseilles to Spain and to Genoa and Venice.
In March it goes northward up the Rhône river to Avignon. Between February and May, it gets to Narbonne, Montpellier, Carcassonne, Toulouse, Rome and Florence.
Between June and August, it gets to Bordeaux, Lyon and Paris. It gets to Seville in July. It spreads to Burgundy and Normandy. Then it goes into southern England. It gets to Bristol in July. It goes from Italy to Switzerland and into Hungary.
In 1349 it goes from Paris to Picardy, Flanders and the Low Countries. It reaches Vienna in March. It gets to London in January and Durham in June. It goes from England to Scotland and Ireland and Norway. From there it goes to Sweden, Denmark, Prussia, Iceland and Greenland and then to northern Russia. It attacks Russia again in 1351.
Once the Black Death gets to a place, it kills people for about six months and then fades away. But in the big cities, it dies down in winter and then comes back in spring for another six months. It has gone from most of Europe by the middle of 1350.
Plague comes back many times over the next 350 years although it is never as fierce again. It is not until the early 18th century that it seems to have gone for good but of course it hasn't really.

Netiquette | Cybersmart & Wānanga

Welcome to another post on my blog. Yesterday, in Wānanga, we did some cybersmart, it was the fourth lesson of cybersmart this term and this term's main topic is Smart Relationships. This lesson was about interacting with others online. This term, each lesson is broke down into beginner, stepping up, and confident. We had to choose which level to choose. I was on the confident level and we were learning how to use formal and informal language when communicating online.

We first learnt about Netiquette and had to create a poster using Google Drawing about Netiquette. I went in a group of 3 (including myself) and created the poster.

The Rat and Flea Combination

To start with, the Black Death had no name. People called it the ‘Pestilence' or the, 'Great Mortality,' It has three forms –

BUBONIC PLAGUE. (Most common type.) Large lymph nodes or buboes (black swellings about the size of an egg or an apple) erupt in the armpits and groin oozing blood and pus. Boils cover the body and black blotches appear on the skin from all the internal bleeding. There is sudden fever, restlessness, confusion and severe pain. Death within five days.

PNEUMONIC PLAGUE. The infection spreads to lungs causing pneumonia. Coughing expels millions of contagious bacteria. Sharp chest pains. Continuous fever. Heavy sweating. Spitting up of blood. Death within three days or less.

SEPTICAEMIC PLAGUE. Infection in the bloodstream. Least common form of disease. Most fatal. Sudden severe illness. Chills, fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, delirium. No time for other symptoms to develop. Death within a few hours to two days. This is how people at the time described the plague. Such descriptions are called contemporary accounts. "The victims died almost immediately. They would swell beneath their armpits and in their groins and fall over dead while talking.” Before the end "death is seen seated on the face." It seemed as if one sick person "could infect the whole world.” “Woe is me of the shilling on the armpit! It is seething, terrible ... a head that gives pain and causes a loud cry... a painful angry knob... Great is it seething like a burning cinder.”

Modern people know that infectious diseases:
• are caused by organisms such as bacteria and viruses from outside invading
the body
• can be passed from one person to another
• usually raise the temperature of the victim or cause a fever.

Plague can be cured today because scientists have found out the bacteria that causes plague is carried by rats and the fleas that live on rats. The flea finds a rat to be its host. It bites the rat and infects the blood of the rat. When the flea or rat bites a human, it passes the disease on. When the human comes into contact with other humans, it passes the disease on.
But nobody in the Middle Ages knew this. People who wrote about the plague never mentioned fleas. They only mentioned rats in passing. Yet fleas and rats were common pests.
The plague bacillus was not discovered for another 500 years.

How did the Black Death went from Asia to Europe? | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, in Social Studies, I completed a task for the Black Death. We had to create a cartoon strip about how the Black Death came to Europe. We had to make our cartoon strip either on paper or online, I chose to do it online, here is my work.

Could COVID-19 Have Seasons?

Note: This story is extracted from NASA’s Earth Observatory article, Could COVID-19 Have Seasons? And Could COVID-19 Have Seasons? Searching for Signals in Earth Data

In 400 BC,  the great Greek physician Hippocrates offered the earliest known record of a seasonal respiratory disease; the “Cough of Perinthus”, was a winter disease that struck a port city in Greece. Symptoms included chills, fevers, laboured breathing, pneumonia (infection in one or both lungs, due to bacteria, viruses, and fungi), and sometimes death. 

When Coronavirus (COVID-19) infects a human cell, it hijacks cellular machinery to produce multiple copies of itself. Courtesy of NIAID

Scientific tools have allowed to observe and explain the disease in ways that may have astonished Hippocrates. Explaining why some disease outbreaks have seasonal cycles, and predicting the timing of those cycles, remains a challenging problem.

Research has shown that over the years that some respiratory viruses have clear seasonal rhythms. For example, cases of a pandemic and several types of coronavirus are known to rise in the summer. Outbreaks of enteroviruses (a group of viruses that cause infectious illnesses which are usually mild) usually occur in the winter; some adenoviruses and rhinoviruses have no clear seasonal cycle.

The question that infectious disease experts and policymakers deal with is: how will SARS-CoV-2 behave?

NASA has joined in with other US and international agencies hunting for answers. For example, Johns Hopkins University researcher, Benjamin Zatichik is working on a NASA Earth Applied Sciences project, examining likely relationships between the spread of the coronavirus and seasonal shifts in temperature, humidity, rainfall, and other environmental variables. Benjamin hopes his work will clarify the role that weather and climate might play in influencing the spread of the virus.