Famous Explorers - Part 3

Captain James Cook
Photo / Getty Images
Credit: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/

Captain James Cook

Captain James Cook was a British explorer, navigator, cartographer, and captain in the British Royal Navy. His wife, Elizabeth Batts Cook was Captain Cook's wife and was a widow for more than 50 years. James Cook was born on 7 November 1728, Marton-in-Cleveland, United Kingdom and died on 14 February 1779, Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii, United States.


Fun Facts

• Captain Cook set off for his journey on 26 August 1768. 
• Captain James Cook mapped New Zealand and the Great Barrier Reef on his ship HMB Endeavour. He mapped the east coast of Australia.
• James Cook had earnt the Copely Medal (an award given by the Royal Society).
• He had six children, Nathaniel Cook, Hugh Cook, George Cook, Joseph Cook, James Cook, Elizabeth Cook.

James Cook: Pacific voyages
James Cook's three Pacific voyages
Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.
Credit: https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Cook

Famous Explorers - Part 2

Christopher Colombus
Artist: Sebastiano del Piombo - Oil on Canvas
Collection: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Sebastiano del Piombo / Public domain
Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/

Christopher Colombus

Christopher Colombus was an Italian explorer and navigator who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, making a way for European exploration and colonisation of the Americas (South and North America). Columbus was born in 1451, Genoa, Italy and died on 20 May 1506. He was buried in 1898 at Seville Cathedral.

Fun Facts

• Christopher Columbus discovered and set foot on the Americas on 12 October 1492. Americans get a day off work on 10 October to celebrate Colombus Day. It has been a national holiday in the United States since 1937.
• Colombus changed the world when he introduced greedy, land-hungry Europeans to America. He did not only found the United States, Canada and Mexico, he also shaped many other Caribbean and South American nations. 
• Colombus sailed search in a route of Cathay (China) and India, bringing back gold and spices that were highly wanted in Europe.
• Christopher Colombus made four voyages; 1492–93, 1493–96, 1498–1500, and 1502–04, he travelled mainly to the Caribbean, including the Bahamas, Santo Domingo, Cuba and Jamaica.

Christopher Columbus
Credit: https://www.biography.com/news/christopher-columbus-heritage-nationality

How the Society Was Organised?

Clothes burned by the Black Death are burned in the Medieval Europe c. 1347 (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Credit: https://www.historyextra.com/period/medieval/black-death-plague-epidemic-facts-what-caused-rats-fleas-how-many-died/

This is you in 1347 Europe:

You live in a village outside a town. As a peasant, you belong to the group in society that works on the land. Ninety percent of the population are peasants. Another group are the nobles. Their job is to defend people. A third group is the clergy. Their job is to pray and care for Christians.
You have never travelled far, not even to the next village which is 8 km away. Your social life revolves around your own village and market days in town. You speak in a language and accent that only people from your own area can understand.

The world consists of Europe and fringes of Asia. You have never heard of such a place as New Zealand. Or America. For a long time, the Church has taught that the Earth is flat. Although some educated people are starting to say that the Earth is round, you still think that if you sailed far enough, you would come to the edge of the world and fall into a bottomless pit.

There is no education for you. A school was started in town once but the teacher was ignorant and used a birch all day to keep order. So you can not read or write. The only books available anyway are those the monks in the nearby abbey have copied by hand. Some of these books are illuminated with brightly coloured drawings. Drawings and wood-cuts have a little perspective. This means, for example, that the people in them might be bigger than the buildings and ships they are standing beside.

The houses in town are crammed together in narrow streets. Many families keep animals. The town has walls around it. At night the gates are locked and guarded. Wealthy town houses have servants, and apprentices who sleep in them. People collect their water from wells or the river. Messengers carry letters and town criers shout out the latest news. At least once a week the town has a market. Your family can rent a stall and sell any spare produce.

The Lord owns the land on which your family works. There are almost a hundred servants living in the lord's castle. The family dresses in silks and has banquets. Even the females ride horses and hunt with falcons. One of the daughters had a marriage arranged for her when she was a child. She had been widowed two times by the time she was thirteen.

You live in a hovel. It is a single storey wooden house with two rooms. It has a thatch roof. Straw covers the floor. You eat porridge for breakfast, bread with maybe a bit of cheese for lunch and pottage for dinner. Your mother cooks over an open fire. She makes your bread at home and bakes it in the oven owned by the lord. You wear simple homespun clothes of linen and wool and a hood like a cowl. There are no fences or hedges on the land. The open fields are divided into strips. Each family is allowed a certain number of strips in different fields. This way every family gets strips of land in the good and bad areas and shares the jobs.

You call yourself a Christian. You think that non-Christians are infidels and Jews especially should be persecuted. The Pope is your spiritual leader. He lives in Avignon in France. Your village has its own church. The priest can make you go to church. If you refuse, the priest can get a special church court to punish you. The priest collects a tithe from your family. This is a tenth of everything that you produce from the land in one year.

The nearby cathedral and abbey have collections of relics. They are clothes and bones thought to have belonged to saints. Many people say these relics can work miracles. You plan one day to visit these shrines and believe that God will reward you for doing this.
You will be lucky to live past your thirties. Many children die at birth. You hardly ever have a bath. You sleep in the same room as the rest of the family. There is a communal family bed for most members of your family. You have no idea why you get sick. You are frightened of lepers even though they are not allowed to go into inns or bake-houses and are not allowed to wash in streams or walk on narrow footpaths. Every time you hear a bell or a clacker warning you that a leper is approaching, you run away and hide. Last year the city of London passed a law that said lepers are not allowed to go into London. You think this is a good idea.

Conditions all around you are unsanitary. Filth and rubbish are often left in the streets of the town. There are open street sewers. The public latrines have a bad smell. The castle and wealthy town houses have privies that jut out from an outside wall. There is a hole in the bottom which lets waste fall into the river or the ditch. Some town houses have cesspools in the backyard. The cesspools always smell bad and some of them seep into the wells and the river where you get your drinking water. Household urinals drain into street sewers. A law says privies cannot do this but it is often ignored. The abbey's latrine is in a separate building.
Last time you went to town, a baker who had sold underweight bread was in the stocks and a fishmonger who had been selling bad fish was in the pillory. You threw mud and rotten apples at them. A man who had been found drunk was having to walk through the streets wearing a barrel. But the best sight is when a nagging woman or ‘scold' is put in the ducking stool and ducked in the village pond. There is an outlaw living in the forest nearby. If he goes into a church he will find sanctuary and his enemies will not be able to touch him. But eventually, his hunger and thirst will drive him out.

Famous Explorers - Part 1

Marco Polo
Credit: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/

Marco Polo

Marco Polo was an Italian explorer, merchant and writer who travelled Asia via the Silk Road from 1271 to 1295 with his father and uncle. He was the first person to bring back to Europe a description of the Far East. Marco Polo was born on 15 September 1254, Venice, Italy; he died on 8 January 1324, Venice, Italy.

Fun Facts

• Marco Polo began his adventures when he was a teenager.
• He travelled over 24,000 kilometres over his journey of 24 years.
• He travelled from Europe to Asia from 1271-1295, staying 17 years in China.
• 3 years after returning from his journey, Marco was captured and sent to jail.

Marco Polo's journey path
Credit: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marco-Polo

Mix and Match Entrepreneurs | Business Studies

Welcome to another post on my blog. Yesterday, in Business Studies, I learnt about entrepreneurs and their hard-work. First, I had completed an entrepreneur's practical skills activity, later, I had to do a 'Mix and Match' 20 entrepreneurs from New Zealand and overseas which claimed their fame.

What Practical Skills do Entrepreneurs Use? | Business Studies

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, in Business Studies, we learnt about Entrepreneurs. First, we saw some famous entrepreneurs and their hard-working quotes; Albert Einstein, Thomas Edison and Robert Frost. Next, we had to find our inspirational hard working quote.

“Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” - Nelson Mandela

 

Following on, we had to do an activity about Entrepreneurs. Practical skills are important for entrepreneurs.

The Science of Chocolate

Welcome to another post on my blog. Have you ever thought of the science of chocolate? It's history? How it works? 

In countries located close to the equator, some very special plants known as tropical cacao trees grow. These trees produce cacao beans which, when ground and roasted, create an unadulterated liquid chocolate.

Chocolate was originally consumed by ancient South American civilisations such as the Mayans and Aztecs. Its name is derived from the Aztec word xocolatl, meaning bitter and water. Cacao beans were ground to a powder and different ingredients, such as water, wine, honey, spices and even chilli, were added. So, over two millennia ago, people were drinking many different flavours of liquid chocolate.

In the burial sites of aristocrats at a Mayan archaeological site in Central America, scientists discovered a collection of ceramic jugs similar to teapots. Residue inside the jugs was analysed in laboratories and minute traces of cocoa were uncovered. As the ceramic vessels were scientifically dated as 2600 years ago, this find proved humans had a love affair with chocolate drink, it is possible that the Maya had similar tastes. They would agitate that liquid chocolate by pouring it back and forth from one jug to another, creating a chocolatey foam which was drunk as an accomplished to most meals. 

The first solid chocolate was produced in 1847 by a British chocolate company, Fry’s. The cacao beans were dried and separated into the two substances they produce, cocoa solids and cacao butter, which were then mixed with sugar. Varying combinations of the cocoa solid and butter result in the different quality and blends of chocolate, ranging from slightly bitter dark chocolate (with 70% cocoa solids and butter) to white chocolate, which contains only the cocoa butter combined with sugar and milk solids. As white chocolate lacks cocoa solids, some countries do not recognise it as chocolate at all!!

Scientists and chocolate companies have debated the health benefits of chocolate for years and their discoveries, whether positive or negative, often lead to sensationalised newspaper headlines. But it is really good for us?

Although it may only contain small amounts of caffeine, an ingredient found in coffee and some soft drinks which increases your heart rate, chocolate does contain another chemical, theobromine, which has a similar effect on the body. Most scientists agree that, like caffeine, chocolate is a stimulant which has an amazing ability to trick the brain to releasing a chemical which makes us feel more alert. Some studies have shown that melting chocolate in your mouth can alter your mood and make you feel more relaxed. 

It is often suggested that consuming small amounts of dark chocolate regularly is beneficial to one’s health. Dark chocolate contains antioxidants, which neutralise the chemicals in our body that cause heart attacks. Of course, chocolate should only eaten in moderation due to its high fat content. Consuming large amounts can cause obesity, which, along with mant other health risks, increases the chance of a heart attack.

Diffusion Experiment | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today in Chemistry, we learnt about the Particle Theory and Diffusion. We had done an experiment about diffusion.

Diffusion is when particles move from high to low concentration. Particles of matter always move. When matter heats up, energy rises and particles move faster. If the matter is cooled, energy is lowered and particles move slower.


Aim: see if hot/cold diffuses faster

Hypothesis: the powder is going to spread in the hot water


Equipment:

1. Petri dish
2. Water
3. Tweezers
4. Powder of potassium permanganate

Method:

1. Half fill your petri dish with cold tap water.
2. Place the petri dish on your work bench and allow the water to become settled.
3. Using the tweezers, place a single powder of potassium permanganate in the centre of the petri dish.
4. Observe for 5 minutes.
5. Repeat the experiment using hot water.

Result:

In cold water: the potassium permanganate powder stays where it was, it did not spread.

In hot water:  the potassium permanganate powder spread when the powder went in.

Discussion:

My hypothesis was correct and my experiment worked out. The potassium permanganate moved faster in hot water because it increases energy and it moved faster. The cold one moved slower because they are not together but slightly apart so they moved slower.

What's your wellbeing?

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, in Wananga, we had learnt more about the Te Whare Tapa Wha.

 

Whenua

It is a place where you belong a connection to the land, a source of life and wellbeing for everyone. We are linked physically and spiritually to the land.

You can also think about whenua as your place of belonging, means the spaces where you feel comfortable, safe and able to be yourself. It could be your friends, at home with whānau, as part of a sports team or even at your place of study or work.

Taha Hinengaro

Taha Hinengaro is your mental and emotional wellbeing. Like your physical health, your taha hinengaro needs to be taken care of. Mental and emotional wellbeing is your mind, heart, conscience, feelings and thoughts. It’s about how you feel, as well as how you communicate and think.

Taha Tinana

Taha tinana is your physical wellbeing. It’s about how your body, health, feels, moves, grows and how you take care of it. Taha tinana is just one dimension of health and wellbeing and cannot be separated from others.

Taha Whānau

Taha Whānau is your social wellbeing. It is about who makes you feel you belong, who you care about and who you share you life with. It is your friends, community, and the people you care about. You have a unique role to fulfil within your whānau and your whānau contributes to your wellbeing and identity.

Taha Wairua

Taha wairua is your spiritual wellbeing. It explores your relationship with the environment, people and heritage in the past, present and future. The way taha wairua is seen can be very different. For some people, it is religious and faith in god. Some others may describe as your identity, values and beliefs. There is no right or wrong way to think about spiritual wellbeing but is one important dimension of our wellbeing.

Overpopulation, a population problem

Welcome to another post on my blog. In today's post, I am sharing another current environmental problem that we are facing, Overpopulation.

Overpopulation means that the population of a place is too high. Never before history, there have been so many people in Earth right now. Overpopulation can also be for organisms too (animals and plants). But, the term "overpopulation" is mostly used for the number of humans living on Earth.

The population of the planet is reaching unsustainable levels as it faces a scarce of resources (water, food, fuel, etc.). Overpopulation is caused by multiple factors; there was a reduced mortality rate, better medical facilities, reduction of precious resources are a few causes in which overpopulation occurs.

According to Wikipedia, “Overpopulation occurs when a species’ population exceeds the carrying capacity of its ecological niche. It can result from an increase in births (fertility rate), a decline in the mortality rate, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources.”

As of 26 July 2020, the world population is estimated at 7.8 billion.

The numbers have shot up, from 1 billion in 1800, 2.3 billion in 1940, 3.7 billion in 1970, and 7.7 billion in 2020.

The world's annual growth rate of the world's population has reached to 2.2% in the 1960s, according to U.S. Census Bureau 2010. At that time, overpopulation was born. It turns out that high birth rates and the population explosion are not permanent features for some countries and cultures, but there was a four-step process the whole world is going through, 'The Demographic Transition'. Most developed countries have already followed the transition, while some countries are working on it right
now.

Back in the 18th century, when the entire world, was in the first stage of the demographic transition.

Natural world population growth, 1950 to 2040
Max Roser / CC BY-SA
Credit: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/

Most of the world's countries have made it to the fourth stage. Let's look at Bangladesh. In 1971, an average woman had 7 kids, but 25% of them would die before the age of 5. In 2015, the mortality rate had dropped down to 3.8% and women had only 2.2 children on average.

It took developed countries around 80 years to reduce fertility from more than 6 children to less than 3. Some others are catching up fast, Malaysia and South Africa did that in 34 years, Bangladesh just took 20 years, whilst Iran managed it in just only 10 years.

We are getting there, the percentage of people living in extreme poverty has been never been as low as today. So, the future of population growth is not an apocalyptic prediction.

The 2019 forecast from the UN's Population Division shows that the world population growth peaked 2.1% in 1962, then has since dropped to 1.0%, and could further to 0.1% by 2100, a growth rate has not seen after the pre-industrial revolution days.

World Population Growth
Max Roser / CC BY-SA 
Credit: https://ourworldindata.org/world-population-growth

The UN Population Division expects world population, at 7.8 billion (2020), to level out or smooth at/or soon after the end of the 21^st century at 10.9 billion (median line).

About ²⁄₃ of the predicted growth in population between 2020 and 2050 will take place in Africa.

Population growth will come to an end. UN forecasts that the 12th billionth human will never be born. As the development level of the world rises, the number of people a higher education will increase ten times more.


References:

• https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpopulation
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QsBT5EQt348
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-overpopulation.php
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777609/
• https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projections_of_population_growth

What's Resilience?

Growth Mindset and Fixed Mindset
Credit: https://www.screwtheninetofive.com/

Welcome to another post on my blog. This week in Wānanga, we learnt about Resilience and our Growth Mindset. We first watched a TEDx Talk Video on Growth Mindset and using drawing to remember more.

Next, we were given the school PB4L (Personal Behaviour Four Learning) and had to look at the value of Resilience - All School Settings. This week, we were focusing just on the School Settings.

• Have a Growth Mindset
• Believe in yourself
• Encourage and include all classmates
• Aim to overcome difficulties

We were later given a worksheet to do from making fixed mindset problems and sentences, to growth and positive sentences. 

What's the Matter?

States of Matter | Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkBrw2fG75U

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today in Chemistry, we had moved from Mixing and Separating to Matter. Matter is anything that takes up space by having volume. We had learnt information about matter and their states. After learning, we had to make a DLO (Digital Learning Object), explaining what we had learnt today.

Where the Black Death fits in History (Updated) | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I updated the timeline for the Black Death. In this timeline, I had to include the COVID-19 pandemic too.

• Red - exploration and travel
• Blue - loss of life
• Green - religion
• Yellow - fighting
• Orange - political

Here is my updated timeline.

How was life in the Medieval Times?

Welcome to another post on my blog. For 'The Black Death', in Chemicals and Chaos, we move on from the Introduction to the Medieval Times. The activity was to create a pyramid showing people in the Medieval Times.

Winter Learning Journey | Activity 10

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I finished another task for the Winter Learning Journey. In this task, I need to do some research on how to make a snowman, then write instructions for how to make a snowman.

Here is the written instructions to make a snowman. If you want to watch the video to make a snowman, just scroll down.

1. Find wet snow and a flat spot to make your snowman. Check for snow that is moist and packable. (If snow is too fluffy or powdery, you will not be able to make a snowman).
2. Build the snowman in the shade. If you want your snowman to last as long as possible, build it somewhere where it doesn't reach direct sunlight. 
3. Pack a snowman with your hand for the bottom section. Get a handful of snow with both hands, pack it together into a round shape. Add snow until it's 30.5 centimetres in diameter or until it's too heavy. 
4. Roll the ball along the ground to make the bottom section. As you roll the ball, try not to make a cylinder by changing the direction as you are rolling the ball. Keep rolling until the ball is around one metre wide. Stop rolling where you want the snowman to be.
5. Make the middle section. Scoop some snow in both bands and pack it into a tight ball. Add snow until the ball is too heavy to carry. Put it and roll ut around as you did for the bottom section. Stop when the ball reaches about 0.6 metres wide.
6. Lift the middle section onto the bottom section. Make sure that it sits right in the centre of the bottom ball.
7. Make a 30.5-centimetres snowball for the head. Scoop one last ball of snow for the head. Pack it with your hands until it's about 30.5-centimetres. You should be able to make the head without rolling it, but it's okay if you want to. Then, carefully place it on top of the snowman's body.
8. Pack some snow between the sections. When the three sections are in place, put some more snow and pack it between each section. This will give the snowman a uniform look from top to bottom, rather than looking like three snowballs piled on top of each other.
9. Stick a carrot in the middle of the head for a nose. Grab a long raw carrot for the snowman's nose. Place it in the middle of the top snowball. Make sure you place it so there's some room above it for eyes and below for a mouth. - Making a snowman your own is all about creativity. If you have something else that you think would look nice as a nose, use that instead.
10. Use buttons, pebbles, or charcoal for the eyes. Place them able the carrot and space them evenly to the right and the left. Push them into the head, and twist them in a circle so that they stick in the snow. Any round object will work for the eyes.
11. Make a mouth with a row of pebbles or charcoal. Place the mouth under the nose, but not too close to the middle section. 
12. Add two sticks for the snowman's arms. Find two sticks that are around 2.5 centimetres or less wide and around one metre long. Before the arms, if you want, put a shirt or coat or some kind around the body of the snowman. You could even use old broomsticks, golf clubs or even fake skeleton arms as the snowman's arms.
13. Put a hat and scarf on top of the snowman to finish the snowman. For more creativity, grab an old ball cap, cowboy hat, fedora, or a top hat for the snowman's head. Wrap a colourful scarf around its neck. Use old stuff that you don't mind. You could add a tie, sunglasses, or any other accessories to make the snowman stand out from the rest.

Step 4 - Roll the ball to make the bottom section.
Credit: https://www.wikihow.com/

Here is a video to make a snowman.

Winter Learning Journey | Activity 9

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I finished another task for the Winter Learning Journey. For this task, I had to try to make an alphabet list of all of the Winter Sports.

Winter Learning Journey | Activity 7

Dubai, United Arab Emirates © MarekKijevsky
https://www.fairobserver.com/

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I finished another task for the Winter Learning Journey. The last task that I did was about Arizona, a warm place that you could visit and so for this task, I chose to research a country and what happens in winter there; does it snow or is it warm? I chose UAE (United Arab Emirates) as a country to research on. I need to create a presentation to share information.

Winter Learning Journey | Activity 3

Arizona
Credit: https://handluggageonly.co.uk/

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, I started on the Winter Learning Journey 2020. In this learning journey, there are 20 activities and I need to choose an activity and post about it. This is Activity 3 for the learning journey. In this activity, I had to research about a warm place that you could visit. I had to find where you can stay and 3 activities you can do there. I had to create a brochure telling about it.

Pollution, a current environmental problem

Welcome to another post on my blog. In today's post, I am sharing a current environmental problem that we are facing, Pollution.

Pollution is toxic materials into the environment; these harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants can be natural things, such as volcanic ash. Pollution can be also created by human activity, such as factories or trash. Pollutants damage the quality of air, water, and land. Pollution may muddy landscapes, poison soils and waterways, or kill plants and animals.

Light pollution | Wikipedia
ISS-35, a satellite view of Paris, France at night
Attribution: NASA / Public Domain
Credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/

There are many types of pollution; Air, Water, Soil, Light, Noise, Radioactive, Ocean/Marine, Plastic, Thermal, Visual and more; these causes affect our environment in many ways.

Noise Pollution
Credit: https://www.hatkosoundbarrier.com/

One of the deadliest types of pollution is Air Pollution. Air pollution killed approximately seven million people globally every year. According to WHO data, 9 out of 10 people breathe air containing high levels of pollutants. Like air pollution, indoor pollution is another deadly type of pollution which causes diseases and deaths. Smoke from cooking fires causes 3.8 million premature deaths each year, mostly from low and middle-class countries.



Plastic pollution, is pollution which is a concern all around the world, is a type of pollution of plastic objects like plastic bottles, bags, microbeads and more, in the Earth's environment that affects wildlife, their habitat and humans. Plastic pollution threatens ocean health, food safety and quality, human health, coastal tourism, and contributes to climate change.

There are many ways we can make a difference to end or stop plastic pollution.

1. Use the 3 R's (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle). 
2. Refuse - Refuse plastic straws. 
3. Remove - Pick up trash in the neighbourhood and when visiting parks and beaches.
4. Use reused or reusable bags and pouches.
5. Try to shop less in bulks.
6. Not leave any waste on the street, nature or on the beach...
7. Sort your plastic waste as possible.
8. Avoid the use of plastic disposable material.
9. Avoid plastic packaging.
10. Do not buy water in plastic bottles.
11. Avoid plastic microbeads in personal care products.
12. Avoid microplastics.
13. Be careful with paint.

References:

• https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/pollution/
• https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/pollution
• https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/15-current-environmental-problems.php
• https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_pollution
• https://www.iucn.org/resources/issues-briefs/marine-plastics
• https://www.earthday.org/what-you-can-do-to-end-plastic-pollution/
• https://www.glo-be.be/en/articles/14-tips-prevent-plastic-pollution

Toothpick Squares | Money - Maths

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today in Money (Maths), we presented the work that we had been focusing on for two weeks. We were first given various problems and we had to choose one of them to work on as a group. We made a group of 4 and chose a problem, 'Toothpick Squares'. We were given a few questions (Slide 2) and we had to answer them.

Where the Black Death fits in History | Chemicals and Chaos

Welcome to another post on my blog. After completing independent tasks in Chemicals and Chaos, we move on to the new topic, 'Black Death'. I got a textbook about 'Epidemics Through Time', where we had to do each chapter and each activity. The first chapter was 'Rap on with History', we had to read a timeline which had all main events including the 'Black Death'.

After we had to choose ten events from the timeline, including the Black Death, and we had to make our own mini timeline, and colour code the events;

• Red - exploration and travel
• Blue - loss of life
• Green - religion
• Yellow - fighting
• Orange - political

Here is my timeline.

Facts of the 10 Events

1. 100 Years' War - It's really not a hundred-year war, it's really 116 years; it would be a '116 Years' War
2. Black Death (Europe) - It had an estimate to have killed 30% to 60% of Europe's population.
3. Captain Cook arrives in New Zealand - He arrived in Zealand on 6 October 1769 and landed at Poverty Bay two days later.
4. Battle of Waterloo - It was fought near Waterloo in Belgium, part of the United Kingdom and the Netherlands at that time.
5. Treaty of Waitangi - It was first signed on 6 February 1840 and it was located in Waitangi.
6. American Civil War - It was a civil war in the United States from 1861-1865. The first battle was the Battle of Fort Sumter and the final battle was the Battle of Palmito Ranch.
7. Influenza Epidemic - The Spanish Flu was an epidemic from February 1918 to April 1920. I infected 500 million people, around a third of the world's population, in four successive waves.
8. World War I - It was a war from 1914-1918; it started after the assassination of Austrian archduke Franz Ferdinand by South Slav nationalist Gavrilo Princip on 28 June 1918.
9. World War II - It was a war from 1935-1945. The majority of the world's countries, including the great powers, formed to two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis.
10. First Person on the Moon - Neil Armstrong was the first person on the moon on 20 July 1969 after landing the Apollo 11.

Why are we studying this?

Chemicals and Chaos is a hurumanu including Chemistry (Chemicals) and Social Studies (Chaos); Chaos is about chaotic events around the world both in the past and present. Currently, we are learning about the Black Death. I think that we are studying the Black Death because it is one of the most devastating pandemics in human history.

Difference between a Pandemic and Epidemic?

Welcome to another post on my blog. Today, in Chemicals and Chaos, I move on from independent tasks to the 'Black Death'. We had an introduction explaining some keywords relating to the 'Black Death'; Epidemic, Plague and Outbreak.

After that, we were given a question to answer, 'What is the difference between a Pandemic and an Epidemic?'

A pandemic is a disease which is spread all over the world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Whereas an epidemic is a disease which is spread in a community, area or a country, such as the West African Ebola virus epidemic in 2013-2016.

Epidemic vs Pandemic | Technology Networks
Credit: https://www.technologynetworks.com/immunology/articles/epidemic-vs-pandemic-323471