Learning about Fractions

For Maths, we have started to learn about Fractions. I have made a video about fractions and how to solve them. Watch this video to learn about fractions. I am sorry if there are mistakes in the video. Please comment down below about it. I hope you like the video and learn something new. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Supercontinents

History of Supercontinents
Credit: https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*zMHdb8IeaNiDaSJ4DO8Zug.gif

Welcome to another post about continents. Last post, I discussed about a hidden continent, Zealandia. To want more information, click here. I had posted a post about supercontinents in my Geology science badge, for more information, click here. Let's go back to the topic. I am going to talk about two supercontinents which were on this planet.


Vaalbara between 3.6-2.8 billion years ago

The first known supercontinent is Vaalbara. There is evidence of the first cratons in South Africa and Western Australia. The crust from Vaalbara is back 3.6 to 2.8 billion years ago. Vaalbara's name comes from two cratons which were believed to be combined about 3.1 billion years ago. The first craton which now is in South Africa named Kaapvaal Craton. The second craton is the Pilbara craton which is in Pilbara, West Australia. Approximately 2.5 billion years ago the supercontinent split apart from each other. Their drift routes present additional evidence that they were once connected.

Pangaea between 0.335 - 0.173 billion years ago

Around 300 million years ago, Earth hadn't had the seven continents that we have now, but instead, there was one massive supercontinent, Pangaea. Pangaea was the most recent supercontinent. Alfred Wegener convinced that Earth's continents were once part of a supercontinent, Pangaea. Alfred trained as an astronomer, used botany, biology and geology to explain Pangaea and the continental drift. One example is fossils of the ancient reptile mesosaurus that are only found in South America and southern Africa. Mesosaurus is a reptile that is freshwater and it is just only one metre long, the reptile couldn't have swum the Atlantic Ocean.


Here is a video from Khan Academy explaining about Pangaea.

Here is another video from Marilyn Adams about the expanding earth.

I hope you like my post about supercontinents. Comment down below if you know about supercontinents. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

What So Far? | Physical Education

For this post, I will be sharing you what have been doing so far (after Tapu ae). Because we haven't posted after Tapu ae.

We have been looking at a new topic after Tapu ae. Also, we have been doing some new things too. Last week, we have been doing some things like the Beep Test (Well, earlier, when we had done the Beep Test), Maths and Dodgeball.

Let's go back to the Beep Test, the first one that I had done was 'Stage 4 Part 2', which was low for my age. I had made improvements in my fitness by doing more and engaging more. The second Beep Test that I had done, my score was 'Stage 6 Part 3', which was a really big improvement in my fitness. Which means that I can run or jog for a long time. When I reached Stage 6 Part 3, my energy was all out and I couldn't do more. I wanted to quit at the start of Stage 6, but I pushed harder and tried my best. So this is one of the things that we had done. Here's the second part.

So the second part that we have done is Maths. We have been doing the 'Hurumanu Football Club Grounds Maintenence Challenge'. We need to know addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, budget, area, perimeter, cost, size, how big is the sportsfield & pitch and time & date. So, there is lots of information that we need to be knowing and learning. We need to work in groups. In my group, there is Christian, Khyle, JV and I. Here is the third and last part of what we have done.

Dodgeball was one of the best things that we have done. It was really exciting and fun. Last Thursday, we played three games of dodgeball by different categories (Class vs Class, Yr7 vs Yr8 and Boys vs Girls).

I hope you like my post of what have so far done in P.E. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Let's Try Animaker! | Media Team

Welcome to another post on my blog. For Media Team today, we used Animaker to create an animation. We are using this website because it has heaps of features. We are going to use this website until the end of the term (for Media Team).

First, we watched a tutorial of using the website. The video was 11-minutes long, it was a really long video. But it taught us lots of information to use the website.

My favourite thing about Animaker is that you can move the screen as it was in a movie. Also, you can add animations to the characters, which looks more cooler.

I used to use Powtoon (and it still), both of the animation features are cool. There is something which Animaker have but Powtoon doesn't (vice versa).

I hope you like my post about Animaker. Comment down below if you've tried Animaker before. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Our Research Template | Digital Technology

For the last few weeks in Digital Technology, we have focused on our Research Template. We have been looking and researching about our issues. My issue is Global Warming. I chose Global Warming because I am interested in the world and the environment.


Here is my research template that I have been working for weeks. I hope you like it.

What category does your issue fall under?  Social                     Environmental                   Ethical		What specifically is your issue (e.g. Global Warming, Pollution of NZ waterways, etc) Global Warming
Why is this issue important to you?  Because we care for the environment.
Your Focusing Questions	Resource 1 (first website, video, or source of info) (Copy the website or video you use to get your information)	Resource 2 (second website, video, or source of info) (Copy the website or video you use to get your information)	Resource 3 (third website, video, or source of info) (Copy the website or video you use to get your information)
Who/what does   _______(your issue)_________ affect?	Here's a simple definition of global warming. (And yes, it's really happening.) Over the past 50 years, the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. And experts see the trend is accelerating: All but one of the 16 hottest years in NASA’s 134-year record have occurred since 2000. Climate change deniers have argued that there has been a “pause” or a “slowdown” in rising global temperatures, but several recent studies, including a 2015 paper published in the journal Science, have disproved this claim. And scientists say that unless we curb global-warming emissions, average U.S. temperatures could increase by up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit over the next century. Global warming occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) and other air pollutants and greenhouse gases collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that have bounced off the earth’s surface. Normally, this radiation would escape into space—but these pollutants, which can last for years to centuries in the atmosphere, trap the heat and cause the planet to get hotter. That's what's known as the greenhouse effect. https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101	Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests are drying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear that humans have caused most of the past century's warming by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than at any time in the last 800,000 years. We often call the result of global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place. While many people think of global warming and climate change as synonyms, scientists use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting our planet’s weather and climate systems—in part because some areas actually get cooler in the short term. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-warming-overview/	Global warming is the long-term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased, so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere. The greenhouse effect is when the Sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gasses are carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapor, methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise over time, otherwise known as global warming. https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/global-warming/
Question 1  (you need to use your own question here, use the matrix below to give you a starting idea) What causes Global Warming?	When carbon dioxide and air pollutants and greenhouse gases gather in the atmosphere and recieve sunlight and solar radiation that has bounded off the earth’s surface.	Releasing heat-trapped gases, which is called Greenhouse gases.	Because of Fossil fuels which include coal, oil, and natural gas, and burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere.
Question 2  (you need to use your own question here, use the matrix below to give you a starting idea) Why is the temperature increasing?	Because of the heat which is trapped in the atmosphere. Which can last for centuries. It is called the Greenhouse effect.	Because of Greenhouse gases which is in our atmosphere.	Because of Fossil fuel which includes coal, oil, and natural gas which is burned and reaching our atmosphere. It is called the Greenhouse effect.
Question 3 (you need to use your own question here, use the matrix below to give you a starting idea) How does Greenhouse effect?	Greenhouse gases collect in the atmosphere and absorb sunlight and solar radiation that is bounced off the Earth’s surface. Usually, this should escape from space, but its pollutants, which last for many centuries in the atmosphere, which traps the heat in the atmosphere which makes our planet more hotter.	The Greenhouse gases level is increasing higher in the last 800,000 years. This is called Global Warming.	The Greenhouse gases is produced by burning fossil fuels which stop the heat from leaving the atmosphere.

Use the question matrix to think about what questions you might research. Think about what questions will give you the most relevant information to your issue.

It's Live!!

Welcome to another post on my blog. I am in my house watching the Chandrayaan 2 launch. It is a spacecraft going to launch in India. The spacecraft is going to the south pole of the moon. It is a historic moment because no country has been to the moon's south pole. Here is a live video of the launch.

If you are watching after the launch. It might look long.

Want to see the launch? What is it about?

Chandrayaan 2 Night View at the Second Launch-Pad
Credit: https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/Chandrayaan-2%20Mission%20Gallery/psk2826.jpg

Welcome to another post on my blog. You will be thinking, what is this post about. Well, today, 'Chandrayaan 2' will be launching at 8:43 PM New Zealand Standard Time or (2:43 PM Indian Standard Time) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota. Let's know some facts and information about the rocket before we carry on.

• Launch Time & Date: 22 July 2019, 8:43 PM (New Zealand Standard Time)
• Launch Location: Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota
• Launch Vehicle: GSLV MK-III (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III)
• Launch Site: Satish Dhawan Space Centre Second Launch-Pad
• Landing Site: Lunar South Pole
• Manufacturer: ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
• Mission Type: Lunar orbiter, lander, rover
• Mission Duration: 
• Orbiter: 1 year
• Vikram lander: <15 days
• Pragyan rover: <15 days
• Chandrayaan 2 is going to launch to study the Moon and its south pole.

Pragyan Rover going on the ramp
Credit: https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/galleries/

On 15th July 2019, Chandrayaan was scheduled to launch at 2:51 PM (Indian Standard Time), was called off (was not going to happen) due to 'technical snag'. It was noticed around one hour before launch. The launch was postponed to the 22nd July 2019 at 2:43 PM (Indian Standard Time) from Satish Dhawan Space Centre. 

Chandrayaan 2 is readying for launch. Just after a few hours, Chandrayaan 2 is going to launch. 

Chandrayaan 2 is an Indian lunar mission. That no country has ever gone to, the Moon's south pole. ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is to develop the understanding of the Moon which will benefit India and the world about the Moon.

You might be thinking, why is India sending 'Chandrayaan 2' to the Moon?

The purpose of Chandrayaan 2 is that the Moon is the closest body which space discovery can be tried. Chandrayaan 2 attempts to increase the understanding of space. Also to soft-land on the moon and operate a robotic rover on the surface. The goals include the studies of mineralogy, lunar topography, elemental abundance, the lunar exosphere, the signatures of hydroxyl and water ice.

Because, when India launched Chandrayaan 1, they found out that there are water and ice on the south pole. They analyzed that it was water ice. 

In Chandrayaan 2, they want to understand deeper about the lunar water ice. The lunar south pole is interesting because it remains in a shadow that is larger than in the North Pole. There is a possibility of water in the shadowed areas. Additionally, the South Pole region has craters that are cold traps and has a fossil record of the early Solar System.

If there is water on the moon, can we live there?

Well, if we want to live on the moon, we have to live in caves. On Mars, we possibly live above-ground. 

There are a few reasons why Chandrayaan 2 is special

1. The first Indian expedition to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface.
2. The first Indian mission to explore the moon's terrain.
3. The fourth country to soft-land on the moon.

Let's know about the rocket and the launcher.

Launcher and the Spacecraft

Launcher

GSLV MK-III, India's most powerful launcher. GSLV MK-III is also known as Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III. It is a three-stage vehicle, launching 4-ton (4,000kg) satellites to the Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO). The three components of the launcher are, S200 solid rocket boosters, L110 liquid stage, and the C25 upper stage.

Orbiter

The Orbiter will observe the moon's surface and the communication between the Earth and Vikram. The weight of the orbiter is 2,379 kg or 2.379 tons. The Electric Power Generation Capability of Vikram is 1,000 watts. The mission life for the Orbiter is 1 year in lunar orbit. At the time of the launch, Chandrayaan 2's orbiter (Vikram) will be capable of communicating with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) at Byalalu with the Vikram Lander.


The Lander - Vikram





The lander of Chandrayaan 2 is named Vikram, after Dr Vikram A Sarabhai, the father of the Indian Space Programme. It is designed to function for one lunar day = 14 Earth days. Vikram can communicate with IDSN (Indian Deep Space Network) at Byalalu near Bangalore, with the Orbiter and the Rover. The lander is designed to perform a soft landing on the lunar surface.

The weight of the lander is 1,471 kg or 1.471 tons. The Electric Power Generation Capability is 650 watts. The mission life for the Lander is 1 year in lunar orbit.

The landing site of the moon is: High plain between two craters. Manzinus C and Simpelius N at a latitude about 70.9° South 22.7°.


The Rover - Pragyan

The Chandrayaan 2's rover is a 6-wheeled robotic vehicle named Pragyan. Pragyan translates to 'wisdom' in Sanskrit. (A classical Indian language for Hinduism, Buddism and Jainism). It can travel up to 500m (½ a kilometre). It can only communicate to the lander, Vikram. The weight of Pragyan is 27 kg and the Electric Power Generation Capability is 50 watts. The mission life for the Rover is 1 year in lunar orbit.



Timeline of the mission

18 September 2008 - Former Indian prime minister Manmohan Singh approves the Chandrayaan 2 mission.

22 July 2019 - Launch Date

7 September 2019 - Landing of the Moon

For 1 Lunar Day (14 Earth Days) - Scientific Experiment on the Moon.

Around for one year - Orbital Experiment



Mission Sequence

Phase	Period
Earth-bound Phase	Lift off: 22 JulyDay 1 to Day 23 (23 Days)
Trans Lunar Injection (TLI)	Day 23
Lunar Transfer Trajectory (LTT)	Day 23 to Day 30
Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI)	Day 30
Lunar Bound Phase (LBN)	Day 30 to Day 42 (13 days)
Lander-Orbiter Separation	Day 43
Deboosting	Day 44
Powered Descent Starts	Day 48
Landing	Day 48

I hope you like my post about Chandrayaan 2. Please watch live the Chandrayaan 2 launch. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

A-Z Animals!

Welcome to another post on my blog. This is another task of the Learning Journey. In this task, we have to name animals from A to Z. This didn't take me that long to name it. Most of it, I knew the names from the letters.

Before we start, I want to tell you that I have completed 400 blog posts!! (Well, this is my 400th post).

Let's go back to the topic, so here is...

* Uakari

They are one of the weirdest animals on Earth. Here's an image of a Uakari. Uakaris are bald with red faces. 

* X-Ray Tetra

X-Ray Tetras are found in the Amazon and Orinoco basins (near Brazil, Venezuela). 

I hope you like my post about animals up to Z. Comment down below if you learnt something new today. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Activity Two - Would You Rather?

Welcome to another post on my blog. This is another task of the Learning Journey. For this task, we have to choose one of the two. We have to choose a Chinchilla or Porcupine. In my opinion, I think that I would rather choose a Porcupine. One of the reasons that I would rather choose a Porcupine is that it can sometimes help me in my life. When an animal attacks me, it can stab them by using their quills. Also, they are cool and awesome.

A Porcupine
Credit: https://i2-prod.mirror.co.uk/incoming/article10132473.ece/ALTERNATES/s1200/VARIOUS.jpg

Activity One - What's my Favourite Animal?

Welcome to another post on my blog. This is another activity of the Learning Journey. For this task, we had to share our favourite animal. My favourite animal is Tigers. What is yours?

Tigers' status is endangered. Which means that they are endangered. There are only 3,900 Tigers left. Tigers' scientific name is Panthera tigris. There is a range of places or habitats where tigers live, evergreen forests, tropical rainforests, mangrove swamps, temperate forests, savannas and grasslands. There are two subspecies of tigers. They are known as the Sunda Island tiger and the continental tiger.

The largest tiger is the Asian big cats, they rely on sight and sound rather than the smell of hunting. A tiger can eat up to 40 kilograms (approx) of meat at one time. On average, tigers can give birth from two to four cubs - every two years. It is known that tigers go in the wild when reaching 20 years of age.

I hope you like my post about my favourite. What is your favourite animal? Comment down below!! Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Activity Six - A Merged Animal?

Welcome to another post on my blog. For another Learning Journey task, we had to create a new animal by merging two animals together. I have chosen a Cheetah and a Bengal Tiger. I have used a website to create my merged animal. I hope you like it.

I hope you like my post about my merged animal. Comment down below if you've created a merged animal before. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Activity Seventeen - Animal Acrostic Poem

Welcome to another post on my blog. In this new task for the Learning Journey, we had to choose an animal and write an acrostic poem about it. So the animal that I've chosen is are Tigers. So here it is. 

I hope you like my acrostic poem about Tigers. Comment down below if you've written an acrostic poem before. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Activity Three - Homonyms?

Welcome to my first post of the Learning Journey. In this post, I will be doing Activity Three, which is to write Homonyms. Do you know what are Homonyms? Homonyms is a word which is spelt the same, but it has two different meanings. Here is one example, 'bat'. 1. Bat is an animal. 2. Bat is used in sports for hitting the ball. Now you understand? So, the task for this activity is to add more Homonyms.

Here are some Homonyms that I've got. Also, I will add the meanings for the Homonyms.

I hope you like my post about Homonyms. If you know more Homonyms, comment down below. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Creatures?

Credit: https://media.wired.com/photos/

Similar to the Summer Learning Journey, there is a Learning Journey that we can do during the holidays. This holidays, it is about creatures and animals. There are tasks that we can do, and we can do as many as we like. Each activity is worth points, we can earn 2 extra points by writing a quality comment on the other Uru Manuka cluster blogs. To be counted as points, it has to be at least 3 sentences long and 1 specific detail about the post.

So I hope you like knowing about our Learning Journey that I am going to do in the holidays. Please comment down on my Learning Journey posts. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Want a Chromebook??!! | Media Team

Last week for Media Team, we had discussed about adverts. We had to make an advert (video) about selling a school jacket. Yesterday, we had to make an advert, again. Last week, we had decided what to sell. It could be anything. So William and I thought to try to sell a Chromebook.

We had brainstormed first of what we are doing. Here is our brainstorm.

We had to record our video in screencastify. Below is our video that we had made.

I hope you like my post about our advert. Have a cool day!! Bye!!

Tapuae Reflection

Two hours ago, we went to the courts to play Tapuae. I had posted about how to play the game, click here for more information. Also, we are playing with ripper tags. We have to answer some questions about what we had done today (a reflection).

• What is Tapu Ae?
• Tapuae is a Maori traditional game. This game is played hard surfaces, like a netball court or a basketball court. The aim of this game is to knock over the tapu (tennis ball), you need to use the ki (ball) to knock over the tapu.

• What are some of the basic rules?
1. You cannot kick the ball.
2. You can run with the ki.
3. Start the games by throwing the ki into Te Ao (the middle zone) this is done after each tupu hit.

• What is some of the te reo Māori kupu that we talked about?
• Attackers - Kaiwhai
• Defender - Whakawawao
• Guardian - kaitiaki
• The middle zone - Te Ao
• The guardian zone - Pawero

• What was your role in your team for these games?
• I was an attacker and a defender.

• What did you enjoy the most about the game?
• Playing as an attacker and trying to score for our team.

• What were some of the drawbacks that you can think of?
• I got subbed off for the most of the game.
• We need to focus on our defending and some attacking.

• What could your team do better next time you play?
• We could get better with our subs because some players didn't went out.
• Marking players so when they get the ki, we can rip their tags off. 
• Passing the ball quickly, so the opponents wouldn't rip out tags off.
• Catching well, having some catching practice, sometimes our team drops catches.