What is Mana?
Mana often referred to as (social) status, is when a person, with mana, had a presence. Rangatira (chiefs) in particular, recognised the need to keep their mana as high as possible.
Mana is influenced by the behaviour of people and groups and was found through achievements and successes. Māori defended their mana in everyday matter and tried to enhance their mana whenever possible.
The control over European traders (and after 1814 missionaries) became a phase of pursuit of mana. Rivals were not allowed to reap the advantages of access to these new arrivals without a challenge.
What is Tapu?
The life of a Māori has been restricted by the placing of tapu on people and places. It is controlled by how people behave towards each other and the environment; this has been protecting people and the natural environment.
Something that is disrespectful - sitting on tables
What is Utu?
Utu, or referred to as ‘revenge’, has a broader meaning: the preservation of balance and harmony within society.
Utu is the form of gift exchange that established and maintained social connections and responsibility.
How could these values cause conflict with Europeans?
The idea of mana, tapu and utu were sources of both order and conflict with the Māori society.
